Principals supporting teacher leadership: The effects of learning-centred leadership on teacher leadership practices with the mediating role of teacher agency     

Mehmet Şükrü Bellibaş  Sedat Gümüş  Ali Çağatay Kılınç 《European Journal of Education》2020,55(2):200-216

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Young children's perceptionsof scientists: a preliminary study     

Mehmet Buldu 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(1):121-132

Background

Since the 1950s, there has been a growing body of research dealing with perceptions children have of scientists. Typically, research studies in this area have utilized children's drawings in an effort to discern what those perceptions are. Studies assessing perceptions children have of scientists have shown that children have stereotypical images of scientists. Although there is no direct evidence to demonstrate the link between children's images of science and scientists with their career choice, several researchers (including this researcher) have assumed that children's attitudes towards science are greatly influenced by their perceptions of science and scientists.

Purpose

This study aimed to find out if there was a difference in the way 5- to 8-year-old children drew scientists, taking account of age, gender and socio-economic status.

Sample

For this study a convenience sample of 30 young children was used. Participants included young children between the ages of 5 and 8 years from a public elementary school in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. Although the sample of the study was obtained from one school in a metropolitan area, children involved in this preliminary study were from very different socio-economic backgrounds. As the sample size is very small for making comparisons, it was intended to have a similar number of children from different age groups and socio-economic backgrounds and both genders.

Design and methods

The researcher worked individually with each child who participated in this study in an interview setting. Although each child was asked a set of standard questions, and given a standard set of directions, each interview session was informal enough to allow the researcher to gain additional information about children's drawings and to clarify any of their responses. During the interview sessions, children's responses were noted by the researcher. Before the children were asked to draw their picture of a scientist, they were offered a set of coloured pencils or crayons and told to feel free to colour their drawing or any parts of it they would like to accentuate. At the end of the interview and drawing sessions, the researcher went through all the drawings and notes to get a ‘feel’ for and ascertain what was being said, identifying key themes in each drawing.

Results

The most common scientist type drawn in this study was the stereotypical scientist type: someone who conducts research, or someone who tries to invent a new material. But unlike previous studies, around 35% of the scientist figures drawn (n = 15) were of the social scientist type. Stereotypical images drawn by the current study participants included symbols of research, such as scientific instruments and laboratory equipment of all kinds, and symbols of knowledge, principally books and cabinets, technology and the products of science. An interesting finding of this study was that perceptions of young children differed due to their age. Children at the age of 8 years drew non-stereotypical scientist images, and they drew more detail than did their younger peers. When children were compared in terms of their gender, no significant differences were observed between girls and boys. But on the other hand, none of the boys drew female scientists, and five out of 30 children who were girls drew female scientists. While children of parents with lower socio-economic status drew more stereotypical scientist images, children of parents with higher economic status drew different images of scientists, a result which showed us that the scientist perceptions of young children differ with socio-economic status.

Conclusions

Emergent from this research has been a non-stereotypical perception of scientists, and some evidence exists that such a non-stereotypical perception differs due to age and socio-economic status. While these images may seem amusing, they also provide a reflection of the image that children have about what a scientist looks like. These images may have a powerful impact on present functioning and future plans of young children.  相似文献   

Researching the recognition of prior learning: international perspectives     

Mehmet Ali Dikerdem 《Studies in Continuing Education》2013,35(1):124-126

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An action research study designed to implement student negotiation to improve speaking classroom practice in Turkey     

Mehmet Sercan Uztosun  Nigel Skinner  Jill Cadorath 《Educational Action Research》2013,21(4):488-504

This paper reports the second stage of an action research study designed to improve the effectiveness of speaking classes through negotiating the lesson contents with students. The data were collected through interviews, questionnaires and observations as a way of eliciting students’ views. The research, conducted in an English language teaching department at a university in Turkey, comprised eight weekly-based interventions that involved planning, action, observation, and reflection, in which students were given a voice and classroom activities were designed accordingly. Student negotiation allowed for the identification of both structural and affective factors influencing the quality of speaking classes. The teacher’s roles in activities, the number of students in group work activities, the level of control in speaking activities, and the role of input were found to be issues worth considering in designing speaking classes. Issues such as finding the activity ‘interesting’ and ‘useful’, ‘feeling comfortable’ and ‘being competitive’ also influenced the effectiveness of activities. Involving students in this action research study promoted positive attitudes towards classes since students reported feeling valued and important.  相似文献   

Assessment of hydration status by urinary analysis of elite junior taekwon-do athletes in preparing for competition     

Mehmet Kutlu  Gokcen Guler 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):869-873

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess over time the hydration status of taekwon-do athletes during a preparatory camp. Measures of urine osmolality, conductivity, specific gravity and colour were made on the first urine sample passed by the participants (n = 32) in the morning before breakfast. The urinary measurements were made on samples collected at the beginning of the camp, 5 days later and one day before competition. Body mass was also measured at the same instants. Body mass (mean ± s) was essentially the same on each of the measurement days (62.6 ± 12.2, 62.7 ± 12.3 and 62.2 ± 12.6 kg, respectively). Mean urine osmolality at the beginning of the camp was relatively high (998 ± 171 mOsmol · kg^?1), suggesting that a significant number of the athletes were already hypohydrated. However, no significant differences were detected in urine osmolality at the three time points during the study. There were no significant differences in any of the four methods of urine analysis during the study (P > 0.05). The average values for all samples were 989 ± 205 mOsmol · kg^?1 for osmolality, 25.5 ± 6.7 mS · cm^?1 for conductivity, 1.017 ± 0.010 g · cm^?3 for specific gravity and 4 ± 1 arbitrary units for colour. Correlation analysis between the different methods suggested moderately good agreement (correlation coefficient = 0.5–0.7) between all four measurement techniques (P < 0.01). The coefficients of variation for these techniques were relatively low (CV = 11.8 – 35.0%). The results of this study suggest that some of the taekwon-do athletes were slightly hypohydrated in the morning on each of the test days, but there was no evidence to suggest that most of the athletes further restricted their fluid intake to make weight. In addition, it appears that each of the four methods used gave essentially the same estimate of hydration status of these athletes.  相似文献   

Programming education in the frameworks of reverse engineering and theory of didactical situations     

Abdüsselam  Mustafa Serkan  Turan-Güntepe  Ebru  Durukan  Ümmü Gülsüm 《Education and Information Technologies》2022,27(5):6513-6532

Education and Information Technologies - This study aims to evaluate the teaching of the programming process carried out through scenarios related to daily life within the framework of Reverse...  相似文献   

Examining the role of sentence openers,role assignment scaffolds and self-determination in collaborative knowledge building     

Avcı  Ümmühan 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2020,68(1):109-135

Educational technology research and development - Scaffolds establish a cognitive connection with the students and what they want to express. Supporting the collaborative knowledge building process...  相似文献   

The Reliability and Validity of the Fitjump Photoelectric Cell System for Determining Vertical Jump Height     

Mehmet Yıldız  Uğur Fidan 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2020,24(1):56-64

ABSTRACT

The aim of this investigation was to assess the reliability and validity of the Fitjump system. Fifty-seven participants (age = 22.62 ± 5.24 years, height = 180.69 ± 12.53 cm, body mass = 75.61 ± 9.56 kg) performed three countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) with a 1-week interval for test and retest reliability. For validity, the participants performed the same jump protocol on the force platform while being simultaneously measured with the Fitjump system. There was excellent test–retest reliability of the Fitjump system for CMJ and SJ with high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCs) (0.97 and 0.97, respectively), low coefficient variation (CVs) (2.3% and 2.4%, respectively), and low typical error of estimate [(TEE (%)] (4.0% and 4.4%, respectively). For validity, ICCs were extremely high for CMJ and SJ (0.93 and 0.94, respectively), with low TEE (%) (2.9% and 2.0%, respectively). However, Fitjump overestimated jump height for CMJ and SJ (3.54 and 3.37 cm, respectively; p < 0.001) when compared with the force platform. As a conclusion, the Fitjump system demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability and high relationship with a systematic bias for validity. Therefore, the Fitjump system can be used as a portable tool for monitoring vertical jump changes over time, but it should not be used interchangeably with a force platform.  相似文献   

The MacWilliams identity for m-spotty Rosenbloom–Tsfasman weight enumerator     

Mehmet Özen  Vedat Şiap 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2014

The communication systems and disk or tape memory can sometimes cause clusters of errors, namely burst errors. There have been many designs in order to detect and even correct such errors. Recently, a new class of codes called m-spotty byte error correcting codes has found applications in high speed memory systems that employ random access memory chips wide Input/Output data, especially at 8, 16, or 32 bits. The MacWilliams identity provides the relationship between the weight distribution of a code and that of its dual code. Also, an interesting new metric called Rosenbloom–Tsfasman metric has been studied as an alternative metric for linear codes recently. In this paper, we combine these two interesting topics and introduce the m-spotty Rosenbloom–Tsfasman weights and the m-spotty Rosenbloom–Tsfasman weight enumerator of a binary code. Moreover, we prove a MacWilliams identity for the m-spotty Rosenbloom–Tsfasman weight enumerators.  相似文献   

Cyclic codes over some finite quaternion integer rings     

Mehmet Özen  Murat Güzeltepe 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2011,348(7):1312-1317

In this paper, cyclic codes are studied over some finite quaternion integer rings with respect to the quaternion Mannheim distance.  相似文献